Definition of Harmony in Music Theory
In music theory, harmony refers to the simultaneous combination of pitches or chords that provide support and context to a melody. It arises from the vertical arrangement of notes, contrasting with melody's horizontal sequence. Harmony creates consonance or dissonance, influencing the emotional impact of a piece by establishing tonal centers and progressions.
Key Principles of Harmony
Harmony is built on principles like intervals, which are the distances between notes, and scales, which provide the framework for chord construction. Chords, typically formed by stacking thirds, serve as the basic units—major chords evoke stability, while minor ones suggest melancholy. Harmonic progressions follow patterns rooted in functional harmony, where chords resolve tension toward a tonic.
Practical Example: A Basic Chord Progression
Consider a simple progression in C major: C (I), F (IV), and G (V) chords. The C major chord consists of C, E, and G notes played together, establishing the key. Moving to F (F, A, C) introduces subtle tension, resolved by G (G, B, D), which pulls back to C. This I-IV-V pattern is foundational in genres like rock and blues, illustrating how harmony drives musical narrative.
Importance and Applications of Harmony
Harmony is essential for enriching musical texture, supporting melodies, and evoking emotions through tension and release. It applies across genres—from classical counterpoint to jazz improvisations and pop songs—enabling composers to manipulate listener expectations. Understanding harmony aids musicians in analysis, composition, and performance, fostering deeper appreciation of music's structural depth.