Overview of the Legislative Branch
The legislative branch of the U.S. government, established by Article I of the Constitution, is responsible for making laws. It consists of Congress, divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together represent the people's interests by debating, passing, and amending legislation.
Structure and Key Components
The House of Representatives has 435 members elected every two years based on population, while the Senate has 100 members, two per state, serving six-year terms. Both chambers operate through committees that review bills, conduct hearings, and shape policy, ensuring thorough examination before votes.
The Lawmaking Process
A bill originates in either chamber, undergoes committee review, debate, and amendments, then moves to the full chamber for a vote. If passed, it goes to the other chamber for similar scrutiny. Upon bicameral approval, the bill reaches the president for signature or veto, illustrating the collaborative function in action.
Powers and Real-World Applications
Beyond lawmaking, the legislative branch declares war, controls budgets, confirms appointments, and impeaches officials, providing checks on the executive and judicial branches. This balance prevents power concentration, as seen in budget negotiations that influence national priorities like education and defense.