Causes of the Common Cold
The common cold is primarily caused by viruses, with over 200 types implicated, the most frequent being rhinoviruses. These viruses infect the upper respiratory tract, leading to inflammation and symptoms like a runny nose and sore throat. Unlike bacterial infections, colds are viral and cannot be treated with antibiotics.
Transmission and Symptoms
Colds spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face. Common symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, cough, mild fever, and fatigue, typically appearing 1-3 days after exposure and lasting 7-10 days.
Treatment Options
Treatment focuses on symptom relief since the body clears the virus naturally. Over-the-counter remedies like decongestants for nasal congestion, pain relievers such as acetaminophen for headaches and fever, and saline nasal sprays help manage discomfort. Rest, hydration, and humidified air are essential for recovery.
Prevention and When to Seek Help
Prevent colds by frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and maintaining a healthy immune system through diet and sleep. Consult a doctor if symptoms persist beyond 10 days, worsen, or include high fever, severe headache, or shortness of breath, which may indicate complications like sinusitis.