What Is a Chemical Inhibitor?
A chemical inhibitor is a substance that decreases the rate of, or completely stops, a chemical reaction. Unlike a catalyst, which speeds up a reaction, an inhibitor acts as a brake, interfering with the reaction process.
Section 2: How Inhibitors Work
Inhibitors typically function by binding to a reactant or, more commonly, to a catalyst (like an enzyme). By occupying the catalyst's active site or changing its shape, the inhibitor prevents the reactants from binding and reacting, thereby slowing the overall process.
Section 3: A Practical Example
A common example of inhibitors is food preservatives. Additives like sulfites or benzoates are used in foods and drinks to inhibit the enzymatic reactions that cause spoilage by bacteria and fungi, extending the product's shelf life.
Section 4: Importance and Applications
Inhibitors are crucial in many fields. In medicine, many drugs are enzyme inhibitors that block specific biological pathways to treat diseases. In industrial settings, they are used to prevent corrosion, control polymerization, and manage reaction speeds for safety and efficiency.