Definition of a Hypothesis
A hypothesis in the scientific method is a proposed explanation for a specific observation or phenomenon, formulated as a testable statement or prediction. It serves as the foundation for experimentation, allowing scientists to investigate whether the explanation holds true under controlled conditions.
Key Characteristics of a Hypothesis
A strong hypothesis must be falsifiable, meaning it can be proven wrong through evidence; testable via experiments or observations; and based on existing knowledge or preliminary data. It is often stated in an if-then format to clearly outline the expected relationship between variables.
Practical Example
Consider the question of whether fertilizer increases plant growth. A hypothesis might state: 'If plants are given fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants without fertilizer over a two-week period.' This can be tested by growing two groups of identical plants under the same conditions, applying fertilizer to one group, and measuring their heights.
Importance in the Scientific Method
The hypothesis drives the scientific process by directing the design of experiments, data collection, and analysis. If supported, it may lead to further testing or contribute to a broader theory; if refuted, it refines understanding and prompts new hypotheses, ensuring scientific progress is evidence-based and iterative.