Defining "Load" in Engineering
In engineering, a load is any force, weight, or pressure applied to a structure or its components. It is the external force that a structure must be designed to resist safely without failing or deforming excessively. Loads are the primary consideration in structural analysis and design.
Section 2: Types of Loads
Loads are broadly classified into two main types: static loads and dynamic loads. Static loads are constant or applied slowly over time, such as the weight of the building materials (dead loads) or furniture (live loads). Dynamic loads change rapidly over time and can cause vibration, such as wind gusts, earthquake forces, or moving vehicles.
Section 3: A Practical Example
Consider a simple bridge. The weight of the bridge's own steel and concrete is a static "dead load." The weight of cars and people crossing it are considered "live loads." A strong gust of wind pushing against the side of the bridge or the vibrations from an earthquake are examples of dynamic loads.
Section 4: Why Understanding Loads is Critical
Engineers must accurately calculate all possible loads a structure will face throughout its life to ensure its safety and durability. Underestimating loads can lead to structural failure, such as a bridge collapsing or a building beam cracking. The entire field of structural engineering is based on designing systems that can safely support and transfer loads to the ground.