What is a Scientific Explanation?
A scientific explanation is an answer to a 'why' or 'how' question about an observed phenomenon, based on established scientific theories, laws, and evidence. It goes beyond merely describing what happens to provide a mechanistic understanding of *why* or *how* it happens, using principles that can be tested and verified.
Key Components of an Explanation
A robust scientific explanation typically includes a clear statement of the phenomenon, relevant scientific principles or laws, and supporting evidence. It often details the causal mechanisms or underlying processes responsible for the observation, connecting it to broader scientific knowledge and allowing for predictions.
Example: Explaining Why Ice Floats
Instead of just stating 'ice floats on water' (a description), a scientific explanation delves into *why*. It would explain that water molecules form an open, crystalline lattice structure when freezing, making ice less dense than liquid water, thereby allowing it to float according to Archimedes' Principle of buoyancy.
Importance in Scientific Literacy
Scientific explanations are vital because they build coherent understanding, enable prediction, and support technological application. They move us from 'knowing that' something occurs to 'knowing why' or 'how,' fostering critical thinking and a deeper engagement with the natural and technological world.