Defining a Truss
A truss is a structural framework composed of straight members connected at their ends by joints to form a series of triangles. This triangular shape is crucial because it is inherently rigid and does not easily deform under load, making trusses highly efficient at distributing forces.
Section 2: Key Principles of a Truss
The core principle of a truss is that forces are applied only at the joints (nodes), not along the members themselves. This design ensures that each member is primarily subjected to either axial tension (being pulled apart) or axial compression (being pushed together), rather than bending forces, which are less efficient to resist.
Section 3: A Practical Example
A common example of a truss is the Pratt truss, frequently used in railway bridges. It consists of vertical members in compression and diagonal members in tension. This arrangement efficiently transfers the load of a passing train from the bridge deck through the truss framework and down to the supports at either end.
Section 4: Importance in Engineering
Trusses are fundamental in civil engineering and architecture because they allow for the construction of strong, lightweight, and economical structures that can span long distances without intermediate supports. You can see them everywhere, from iconic bridges and massive stadium roofs to electrical towers and cranes.