Definition of Democracy
Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives. Originating from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (rule), it emphasizes collective decision-making and participation in governance.
Key Features of Democracy
The core features include popular sovereignty, where ultimate authority rests with the citizens; political equality, ensuring every individual's vote counts equally; protection of civil liberties such as freedom of speech and assembly; rule of law, applying equally to all; and regular, free, and fair elections to hold leaders accountable.
Practical Example: The United States Democracy
In the United States, a representative democracy, citizens elect officials at various levels, from local to national, through periodic elections. For instance, presidential elections every four years allow voters to choose leaders who represent their interests, with checks and balances among branches of government preventing any single entity from dominating.
Importance and Applications of Democracy
Democracy fosters accountability, reduces corruption, and promotes social stability by incorporating diverse voices in decision-making. It is applied worldwide in forms like parliamentary systems in the UK or federal republics in India, enabling peaceful transitions of power and protecting minority rights within a framework of majority rule.