Definition of Democracy
In political science, democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives. The term originates from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'kratos' (power or rule), emphasizing collective decision-making. It contrasts with autocracies or oligarchies by prioritizing popular sovereignty and accountability.
Key Principles of Democracy
Core principles include free and fair elections, the rule of law, protection of individual rights and civil liberties, and pluralism, allowing diverse viewpoints. Additional components are separation of powers, an independent judiciary, and mechanisms for peaceful transfer of power, ensuring no single entity dominates governance.
Practical Example: Representative Democracy
The United States exemplifies representative democracy, where citizens elect officials to legislative bodies like Congress to make laws on their behalf. Voters select representatives every two years for the House and six for the Senate, who debate and pass legislation reflecting public interests, such as environmental policies or economic reforms.
Importance and Applications of Democracy
Democracy fosters political stability, encourages civic participation, and safeguards against tyranny by distributing power. It is applied worldwide in nations like Canada and India, promoting economic growth through accountable policies and resolving conflicts via dialogue rather than force, though challenges like voter apathy persist.