Definition of Diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period. It occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy.
Types of Diabetes
The main types are Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas; Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, resulting from insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency; and gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after birth but increases future risk for Type 2.
Symptoms and Daily Impact
Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. For example, a person with undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes might notice heightened hunger and slow-healing sores, which can disrupt daily activities and signal the need for medical evaluation.
Importance of Management
Effective management through diet, exercise, medication, and monitoring prevents complications like heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve issues. Understanding diabetes empowers individuals to maintain healthy blood sugar levels, reducing long-term health risks and improving quality of life.