Definition of Mitosis
Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells, where a single parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. This process maintains the chromosome number and ensures genetic continuity, playing a crucial role in growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.
Stages of Mitosis
Mitosis consists of four main phases: prophase, where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down; metaphase, where chromosomes align at the cell's equator; anaphase, where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles; and telophase, where chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes reform. Cytokinesis follows, dividing the cytoplasm.
Practical Example: Mitosis in Plant Cells
In plant root tip cells, mitosis enables rapid growth. During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes; by metaphase, they line up on the spindle. Anaphase pulls them apart, and telophase forms two new nuclei. Cytokinesis creates a cell plate, resulting in two identical cells that contribute to root elongation.
Importance and Applications of Mitosis
Mitosis is essential for organismal development, such as embryonic growth and wound healing in animals, and for propagating plants asexually. It underlies regenerative processes, like liver cell replacement in humans, and is studied in cancer research, where uncontrolled mitosis leads to tumor formation.