Defining Acids vs. Bases
The main difference between an acid and a base is their chemical behavior in water. An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, giving it a pH value less than 7. A base is a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) or accepts hydrogen ions, resulting in a pH value greater than 7.
Key Characteristics and Examples
Acids typically have a sour taste (like lemon juice, which contains citric acid) and can corrode metals. Bases often feel slippery to the touch (like soap) and have a bitter taste. When an acid and a base are mixed, they neutralize each other, usually forming water and a salt.