Scalar vs. Vector: The Core Distinction
The main difference between a scalar and a vector is that a scalar quantity is defined by only its magnitude (size or numerical value), while a vector quantity is defined by both its magnitude and its direction. In simple terms, a scalar tells you 'how much' of something there is, while a vector tells you 'how much' and 'in which direction'.
Examples in Action
A common example is the difference between speed and velocity. If you say a car is moving at 60 mph, you are describing its speed, which is a scalar. If you say a car is moving at 60 mph *east*, you are describing its velocity, which is a vector. Other scalar examples include mass, temperature, and distance, while their vector counterparts are weight, force, and displacement.