The Three-Act Structure
A screenplay's structure typically follows the three-act model, which divides the story into Setup (Act 1), Confrontation (Act 2), and Resolution (Act 3). This framework, popularized by Syd Field, provides a clear progression: Act 1 introduces the world and characters (about 25% of the script), Act 2 builds conflict and develops the plot (about 50%), and Act 3 delivers the climax and conclusion (about 25%). Key plot points, such as the inciting incident and midpoint, mark transitions between acts.
Key Components and Plot Points
Essential elements include the inciting incident in Act 1, which disrupts the protagonist's normal life; the first plot point ending Act 1, propelling the story forward; the midpoint in Act 2, raising stakes; and the second plot point leading to the climax in Act 3. Screenplays also incorporate character arcs, subplots, and scenes that advance the narrative while maintaining pacing. Formatting follows industry standards, with scenes described in present tense and dialogue centered.
Practical Example: A Simple Hero's Journey
Consider a basic adventure screenplay: In Act 1, a young explorer (protagonist) discovers a hidden map (inciting incident) and leaves home (first plot point). Act 2 involves trials like navigating dangerous terrain (midpoint crisis) and allying with a mentor. Act 3 culminates in confronting the villain at the treasure site (climax), followed by returning home transformed. This mirrors structures in films like 'Indiana Jones,' illustrating how acts build tension sequentially.
Applications and Importance in Storytelling
The three-act structure ensures logical progression, engaging audiences by balancing exposition, rising action, and payoff. It is widely used in feature films, TV episodes, and even video games to maintain narrative coherence. Understanding it helps writers avoid common pitfalls like sagging middles, while allowing flexibility for genre variations, such as non-linear stories in thrillers.