The Core Reason: Air Pressure Changes
Your ears pop on an airplane primarily due to rapid changes in air pressure. As the aircraft ascends, the atmospheric pressure outside the plane decreases. Conversely, during descent, the external pressure increases. The air trapped inside your middle ear needs to equalize with this external pressure to prevent discomfort and maintain normal hearing.
The Role of the Eustachian Tube
The Eustachian tube, a narrow passage connecting your middle ear to the back of your throat, is responsible for this pressure equalization. Normally, this tube is closed, but it opens when you swallow, yawn, or chew. When it opens, it allows air to flow in or out of the middle ear, balancing the pressure with the outside environment.
How Popping Occurs
The 'pop' you hear is the sound of your Eustachian tube opening and closing as it works to equalize the air pressure. If the pressure difference becomes too great, the eardrum can be stretched, causing discomfort or pain. Opening the Eustachian tube relieves this tension by allowing air to move, bringing the pressures on both sides of the eardrum into balance.
Practical Tips for Relief
To alleviate ear popping and discomfort, try actively promoting Eustachian tube opening. Swallowing, yawning, chewing gum, or gently performing the Valsalva maneuver (pinching your nose, closing your mouth, and gently blowing) can help. For young children, feeding them during ascent and descent can encourage swallowing and prevent pain.